The five jurists, as later centuries imagined them
A composite labelled with the five jurists named in the Law of Citations: Papinian, Paulus, Ulpian, Modestinus and Gaius. Its component-image provenance is incomplete.
ImageSources & confidence: Limited evidence
Checked 2 October 2026 · AI-assisted review
The local composite and essay caption were inspected; a candidate source for the Modestinus photograph was located, but the five-image chain remains incomplete.
- Essay and image in this repository
The composite labels five figures Papinian, Paulus, Ulpian, Modestinus and Gaius; the essay provides only a general Commons credit. Checked against the local essay and its asset; the URL is the publication locator.
- Wikimedia Commons — Modestinus photograph
Identifies a photograph of the Rome statue by boglam under CC BY-SA 2.0. A candidate source, not confirmation of every component.
What this check doesn’t establish
- All five component files must be matched before a complete attribution or licence can be stated.
- The earlier blanket claim that every underlying work was centuries old and all but two photographs were clear was not supported.
- The specific location of the Ulpian depiction and absence of all contemporary portraits were not established.
Confidence applies to the scope above, not every claim made by the underlying source. How confidence works
- Creator
- Liam Wilkinson
- Medium
- photograph
- Rights
- unknownReuse permission has not been established for this image.
- Reuse notes
- The arrangement is attributed to Liam Wilkinson; that does not establish rights in the five component images. Their individual sources, creators and licences need to be matched.
The arrangement belongs to the essay, but the underlying pictures have separate creators and terms. A generic Wikimedia Commons credit does not identify those sources. This record therefore does not claim the composite as wholly own-work or cleared for reuse.
In the essays
- For the Love of Law
Read the essay
Record history
Catalogue source: knowledge/images/jurists-strip.md
Generated by claude-code/claude-opus-5 on 2026-07-26